?托福考試作為全球性的英語(yǔ)水平考試之一，現(xiàn)在也是有越來(lái)越多的小伙伴加入了托福考試的陣營(yíng)。不過(guò)呢，也有一些剛剛?cè)腴T(mén)的小伙伴對(duì)于托?？荚囘€不太熟悉，托?？荚嚳偣灿兴膫€(gè)部分，分別是聽(tīng)力、閱讀、寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)。寫(xiě)作作為其中很重要的一個(gè)考試內(nèi)容，那托福寫(xiě)作考試形式是怎樣的，還有一些小伙伴想知道我們一般會(huì)在托福寫(xiě)作方面遇到哪些問(wèn)題。今天留小留小編就為大家整理了一些有關(guān)大家在托福寫(xiě)作方面通常會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題，希望能夠幫助到大家。?
一、托福寫(xiě)作方面通常遇到的問(wèn)題
結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤
例：I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.
當(dāng)使用連詞將一系列的單詞聯(lián)接起來(lái)的時(shí)候，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用詞性相同或同一類(lèi)型的短語(yǔ)。
寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤
例：Many companies began using computers mouth.
段落過(guò)長(zhǎng)，不分段，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞一致問(wèn)題。
She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞在數(shù)方面不一致。
句子搭配混亂
We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.
措辭過(guò)長(zhǎng)或不清。換言之，句子顯得滑稽可笑。
過(guò)度使用縮寫(xiě)
在正式的寫(xiě)作中不要使用縮寫(xiě)形式（cant,dont,its,well,theyve等等），而應(yīng)當(dāng)使用單詞的完整形式（cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等）。
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)
Since I want to go to a good school,therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.
不能在該句的主要主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~前使用連詞。
句子寫(xiě)作不完整
Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example,my friend in high school.
句子沒(méi)有主要主語(yǔ)或主要?jiǎng)釉~，因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)它應(yīng)是一個(gè)從句。這是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，修改的方法是將兩個(gè)句子連接起來(lái)。
濫用某些詞匯
When I got home,I got tired,so I got a book and got into bed.
Get太不正式，意思也過(guò)于含糊，不適合用在正式的場(chǎng)合。應(yīng)將get改為一個(gè)更加具體的單詞，如become,receive,find,achieve,等等。
書(shū)寫(xiě)模糊表達(dá)不清
I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there.
傳的信息不正確，或者讓人聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得可能不正確（如果確實(shí)是正確的，應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為什么這樣，因?yàn)樽x者不認(rèn)為是正確的）。
上述例句中，all的意思是百分之百;我們不能絕對(duì)地說(shuō)每一件新東西都是從美國(guó)誕生的。為保險(xiǎn)起見(jiàn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用many或most.非英語(yǔ)單詞Computers are very helpful and advantageable. 盡管看起來(lái)象個(gè)單詞，其實(shí)不是，至少不是個(gè)英文單詞。使用這個(gè)單詞的另一種形式。
二、托福寫(xiě)作備考時(shí)遇到這些問(wèn)題怎么破
無(wú)話可說(shuō)：
有些同學(xué)一說(shuō)到舉例子就只能絞盡腦汁編：“想當(dāng)初，我當(dāng)年，怎樣怎樣后導(dǎo)致了怎樣怎樣，所以我認(rèn)為怎樣怎樣才。”遇到某些實(shí)在扯不到自己身上的就只能蒙圈兒來(lái)會(huì)來(lái)去的因?yàn)樗浴?/p>
事實(shí)上，這個(gè)Forexample并不一定需要這么具體的例子。給出一種情形假設(shè)并告知這個(gè)情形下后果的也是示例的一種，并且也能夠清晰有力的支撐你的觀點(diǎn)。
另外就是要增強(qiáng)自己的發(fā)散性思維，比如就拿前面的“極簡(jiǎn)”來(lái)說(shuō)，你可能從服裝穿搭、收納整理看到它，但是它背后的價(jià)值觀和道理其實(shí)可以適用于寫(xiě)作、時(shí)間規(guī)劃、交互設(shè)計(jì)、音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作呈現(xiàn)等等方面。
所以不要被題目給的范圍限定住思路的范圍，很多東西的邊界是可以打破的，而你平時(shí)的做題、閱讀哪怕是看新聞、娛樂(lè)節(jié)目、電影電視劇都可以作為你素材積累的來(lái)源，從而服務(wù)于你的寫(xiě)作。
以上是寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的，還有一些同學(xué)是寫(xiě)出來(lái)寫(xiě)high過(guò)頭的，那么面對(duì)這種該如何避免呢？
寫(xiě)跑題：
解題要在點(diǎn)兒上
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，大家在知道按照總分總寫(xiě)法后，大體的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)是過(guò)得去的。不過(guò)在細(xì)節(jié)上就可能存在著一些問(wèn)題。
仔細(xì)閱讀題目，看看最終讓你說(shuō)的是哪個(gè)點(diǎn)，不要問(wèn)的“是否支持”結(jié)果寫(xiě)成“這樣好不好”。在看清題目后列出你的觀點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)的提綱，得出整體文章框架后再發(fā)散思維補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)。
自相矛盾了、寫(xiě)high了就寫(xiě)歪了
這兩個(gè)都是在舉例中容易出現(xiàn)的，偏離了你提出的論點(diǎn)。一方面我們?cè)趯?xiě)作中要時(shí)刻記得自己剛才說(shuō)了什么、整體說(shuō)的是什么論點(diǎn)，另一方面還要注意平時(shí)多看書(shū)看報(bào)積累素材，別因?yàn)闇愓摀?jù)而導(dǎo)致上述悲劇的發(fā)生。
語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、用詞不準(zhǔn)等問(wèn)題：
1.不要一味追求詞匯豐富而瞎替換
沒(méi)有合適的替換詞的時(shí)候也要注意，不要貿(mào)然瞎替換。換的意思一樣還好說(shuō)，如果表達(dá)的不是同質(zhì)性事物就非常的尷尬了。
2.不要盲目使用詞匯
詞匯最重要的是表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。看戴望舒用了彳亍覺(jué)得高端洋氣上檔次，寫(xiě)你奔走在校園的小路上也來(lái)個(gè)行，不是一個(gè)意思也非常不搭?？纯匆恍┭葜v和一些寫(xiě)得非常好的原文書(shū)，其實(shí)里面并沒(méi)有用太多“高難度”詞匯，而是用最樸實(shí)的語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)出美的句子。
Time is a bird forever on the wing.——T.W.Robertson時(shí)間是一只永遠(yuǎn)在飛翔的鳥(niǎo)。
三、托福寫(xiě)作技巧
綜合寫(xiě)作的技巧如下
邊看邊記
托福考試中，會(huì)要求閱讀一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文作為考試的前提。在這一部分，閱讀一篇250到300個(gè)單詞的學(xué)術(shù)文章，并在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)閱讀段落的要點(diǎn)做筆記。下面是閱讀段落時(shí)應(yīng)該記住的關(guān)鍵信息。
例：
It is common knowledge that forecasting is an attempt by meteorologists to determine what weather will be like in the future. Hindcasting is the opposite of forecasting, an attempt to determine what weather was like in the past. Meteorologists wish that records of weather had been kept in full for at least a few millennia, but it has been only in the last century that detailed records of the weather have been kept. Thus, meteorologists need to hindcast the weather, and they do so by using all sorts of information from other fields as diverse as archeology, botany, geology, literature, and art. These pieces of information from other fields that are used as a basis for drawing conclusions about what the weather must have been like at some point in the past are called proxies.
閱讀時(shí)對(duì)主題和要點(diǎn)做筆記：
Topic of Listening Passage:
hindcasting
Main points about hindcasting:
detailed weather records kept for less than a century
proxies used to hindcast weather
邊聽(tīng)邊記
這一部分會(huì)聽(tīng)一篇1到2分鐘學(xué)術(shù)文章，在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行記錄。
例：
:Now let me talk about how hindcasting was used in one particular situation. This situation has to do with the weather in seventeenth-century Holland. It appears, from proxies in paintings from the time by numerous artists, that the weather in Holland in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today. Seventeenth-century paintings show really cold winter landscapes with huge snow drifts and ice skaters skating on frozen canals. Since it's unusual today for snow to drift as high as it is in the paintings and for the canals to freeze over so that skaters can skate across them as they are in the paintings, these paintings appear to serve as proxies that demonstrate that the weather when the paintings were created in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today.
筆記：
Topic of Listening Passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today
Details:in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather :
- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
- on canals that are not frozen today
寫(xiě)作前規(guī)劃
拿到一個(gè)作文題目記得進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴：能寫(xiě)些什么？對(duì)這個(gè)話題有什么看法？有哪些個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)？有沒(méi)有了解的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)或者新聞？
例：
Question：
How does the information in the listening passage about the weather in seventeenth-century Holland shed light on the information on hindcasting in the reading passage?
Reading Passage= A technique used by meteorologists
Topic Of Reading Passage:hindcasting
Main points about hindcasting:
- detailed weather records kept for less than a century
- proxies used to hindcast weather
Listening Passage= An example of the technique
Topic of listening passage:paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today
Details in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather:
- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
- skaters on canals that are not frozen today
主題陳述
?????Look at this information from the integrated writing task on hindcasting and the weather in seventeenth-century Holland.
Reading Passage= a technique used by meteorologists
Topic of listening passage:hindcasting
Listening Passage= an example of the technique
Topic of listening passage:paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today????
段落輔助
在開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作之前先研究筆記，在寫(xiě)的時(shí)候要考慮段落輔助，去介紹每一段的中心思想，并且有足夠的細(xì)節(jié)去支撐中心的成立。
Topic of listening passage:hindcasting
main points about hindcasting:
detailed weather records kept for less than a century
proxies used to hindcast weather
The reading passage discusses the technique?of hindcasting, which is a method used by meteorologists to try to determine what the weather ?match?was like in the past. One point that is made about this meteorological metho is that detailed??match??weather records have not been kept for long. As a result, meteorologists have had to find another way to determine what the weather was like in the past. They developed a method of hindcasting using proxies, which are pieces of information from other fields.
分類(lèi)練習(xí)
ETS發(fā)布的作文主題就足夠練習(xí)，不需額外找題目做。對(duì)于官方給出的作文題目合集，小伙伴們可以按照文章類(lèi)別、題目類(lèi)型等方式分類(lèi)練習(xí)。
寫(xiě)作時(shí)最怕跑題，如果材料中有不熟悉的單詞，盡量通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)含義，而不是寫(xiě)一些與主題無(wú)關(guān)的句子，擦邊球會(huì)降低你的分?jǐn)?shù)。隔一段時(shí)間重寫(xiě)某一主題，能夠更好的分析出進(jìn)步和不足，強(qiáng)化練習(xí)。
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我們精心為大家整理的《托福寫(xiě)作方面通常遇到的問(wèn)題 托福寫(xiě)作備考時(shí)遇到這些問(wèn)題怎么破》文章不知道大家滿不滿意，如果大家想了解更多語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)相關(guān)的信息，請(qǐng)關(guān)注語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)欄目。
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