雅思閱讀的出題方向也是多樣化的，與我們生活的方方面面都有關(guān)。水獺是一個非常討人歡心的可愛萌寵，會賣萌雜耍。水獺軀體長，吻短，眼睛稍突而圓，耳朵小，四肢短，體背部為咖啡色，腹面呈灰褐色，那今天要分享的是一篇關(guān)于Otters水獺的雅思閱讀原文，分別在2013年和2010年考過哦?？荚嚩际怯屑记煽蓪さ?，雅思的閱讀和聽力一樣，要求考生合理掌握做題的節(jié)奏，如果同學(xué)們正確的掌握了做題的技巧，可以說是事半功倍的效果哦，所以今天小編還是大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x考試技巧。
一、otters雅思閱讀答案解析
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Otters水獺
A）Otters are scmiaqualic (or in the case of the sea otter, aquatic) monirnals. rHiey ure mi'inbers of the Mustelid family which includes badgers, polecats, martens, weasels, stoats an have inluibited the earth for the last 30 million years and over the years have undergone subtle changes to the carnivore bodies to exploit the rich aquatic environment. Otters have long liiin body and short legs~ideal for pushing dense undergrowth or hunting in tunnels. An adult male may be up to 4 feet long and 30 pounds. Females are smaller, around 16 pounds typically. The Eurasian otter nose is about ihc smallest among the otter species and has a characteristic shape described as a shidlow "W".An otter's tail (or rudder, or stern) is stoul at tlie base and tapers towards the tip where il flattens. ITiis forms part of the propulsion unit when swimming fast under water. Oder fur consists of iwo types of hair: stout guard hairs which form a waterproof outer covering, and undcrfiir which is dense and fine，equivalent to an otter's thermal underwear. The fur must he kept in good condition by grooming. Sea water reduces the waterproofing and insulating qualities of otter fur when salt water gets in the fur. This is why freshwater pools are important to otters living on the coast. After swimming, they wash the salts ofT in the pools and then squirm on the ground to rub dry against vegetation.
B) Scent is used for hunting on land, for communication and for detecting danger. Otterine sense of smell is likely to similar in sensitivity to dogs. Otters have small eyes and arc probably short-siglited on land. Bui they do have the ability to modify the shape of the lens in the eye to make it more spherical, and hence overcome the refraction of water In clear water and good liglit, otters can hunt fish by sight. The otter's eyes and nostrils are placed high on its head so that it c-an see and breulhc oven when the rest of die body is submerg'd, "The long whiskers growing iinmnd the muzzle are used to detect the presence of fish. They detect regular vihrutions cruised by the beat of the fish's tail as it swims awuy. I'his tdlows otters to hunt even in very murky water. Underwater, the otter holds its legs against the body, except for steering, and the hind end of the body is flexed in a series of vertical undulations. River otters have webbing which extends for much of the length of each digit, though not lo the very end. Giant otters ami sea otters have even more prominent webs, while the Asian short-clawed otter lias no webbing-they hunt for shrimps in ditches and paddy fields so they need the swimming speed. Otter ears are protected by valves which close them against water pressure.
C A number of constraints and preferences limit suitable liabitats for otters. Water is a must and the rivers must be large enough to support a healthy population of fish. Being such shy and wary creatures. they will prefer territories where mail's activities do nol impinge grcally. Of course, there must also be no other otter already in residence-this has only become significant again recently as populalions start to recover. A typical range for a mule river otter might he 25km of river, a female's range loss than half this. I lowcver, ihc pnMluclivity of the river affecls ihis hugely and one sitidy found male ranges between 12 and 80km. Coastal oilers havr a mucli more abundant Uwd supply aiul ranges for males and females may be just a few kilometers of coastline. Because male ranges are usually larger, a male otter may find his range overlaps with two or three females. Otters will eat anytliing that they can get hold of there are records of sparrows and snakes and slugs gobbled. Apart from fish the most common prey are crayfish, oralis and water birds. Small munmmls are occasionally taken, most mmmonly rabbits but soinelimes even moles.
B）D )Eurasian otters will bretnJ any time where food is readily available. In places where condition is more severe, Sweden for example where the lakes are frozen for much of winter, cubs arc bom in Spring, This ensures that they are wdl grown before severe weather returns. In the Shetlands. cubs are bam in summer when fish is more abundant. Though otters can breed every year, some do not. Again, this depends on food availability. Other factors such as food range and quality of the female muy have an effect. Gestation for Eurasian otter is 63 days, with the exception of North American river otter whose embryos may undergo delayed implantation.
E )Otters normally give birth in more secure dens to avoid disturbances. Nests are linceing the most common). For some unknown reason, a^astal otters lend to produce smaller litters. At five weeks they open their eyes~a liny cub of 700g. At seven weeks they're weaned onto solid food. At five weeks they leave the nest, blinking into daylight for the first time. After three months they finally meet the water and learn to swim. After eight months they are hunting, though the mother still provides a lot of food herself. Finally, after nine months she ttan chase them all away with a clear conscience, and relax-until the next fella shows up.
F) The plight of the British oiler was recognised in the early 60s,but it wasn^t until the late 70s that ihe chief cause was discovered. Pcslicides. such as diddrin and aldriiu were first used in 1955 in iigriculture and other industries--these clicmiads are very persistenl and liad already been recognised as the muse of huge declines in the population of ficregrinc falcons, sparrowhawks and oilier predators. The pesticides entered the river systems and the food chain-micro-organisms. fish and finally otters, with every step increasing ihc concentration of the chemicals. From 1962 the chemicals were phased out, but while some species recovered quickly, otter numbers did not and continued to fall into the 80s/niis was probably mainly to habitat destruction and road deaths. Acting on popuIations fragmented by the sudden decimalion in the 50s and 60s, the loss of just a handful of otters in one area can make an entire population unviable and spoil the end.
G )Otter numkiers anr recovering all around Britain--populations arc growing again in the few areas where they had remained and have expanded from those areas into the rest of the country. This is almost? entirely due to law and conservation efforts, slowing down and reversing the destruction of suitable otter habitat and reintroductions from captive breeding programs. Releasing captive-bred otters is seen by many as a last resort, The argument runs that where there is no suitable habitat for them they will not survive after release and when there is suitable habitat, natural populations should be able lo expand inlo the area. However, reintroducing animals into a fragmented and fragile population may add just enough im|petus for it to stabilise and expand, rather than die out. This is what the Otter Trust accomplished the 1980s. The Otter Trust has now finished its captive breeding program entirely. Great news because it means it is no longer needed.
題目：
Questions 1-9 Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 A description of how otters regulate vision underwater
2 The fit-for-purpose characteristics of otter's body sape
3 A reference to an underdeveloped sense
4 An explanation of why agriculture failed in otter conservation efforts
5 A description of some of the otter’s social characteristics
6 A description of how baby otters grow
7 The conflicted opinions on how to preserve
8 A reference to a legislative act
9 An explanation of how otters compensate for heat loss
Questions 10-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet
10 What affects the outer fur of otters?
11 What skill is not necessary for Asian short-clawed otters?
12 Which type of otters has the shortest range?
13 Which type of animals do otters hunt occasionally??
二、雅思閱讀做題技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文
考生最好用1—2分鐘大致瀏覽全文，以便掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。
這一步驟雖短，但卻是訓(xùn)練及解題過程中的重點(diǎn)。文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式可以幫助考生更好地理解內(nèi)容，并理順句子或段落間的關(guān)系，以便在做題過程中有重點(diǎn)的跳讀。
例如：在Cause-Effect中，瀏覽重心應(yīng)放在Effect上;而在 Comparison /Contrast / Concession中，考生應(yīng)把注意力放在某個轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)之后的內(nèi)容;而見到屬于Addition/Defining /Explanation/Description的部分，則可以直接跳過去。這種方式能大大降低文章的閱讀量。
2.解析題目
首先，無論遇到哪種題型，考生都應(yīng)盡可能地找出一些關(guān)鍵詞，以便迅速定出答案可能所在的區(qū)域。其次，考生應(yīng)對各種題型有較深入的理解。
尤其是每種題型的應(yīng)對方法。拿Matching的題來講，在General Reading和Academic Reading中就不一樣，一個是Matching of Information，另一個是Matching of Paragraph Headings，兩種題型的做法不一樣，在前者，考生應(yīng)將注意力集中在題中，將每個問題的核心詞標(biāo)出來，然后根據(jù)這些核心詞去文中找相應(yīng)的信息。
在后者，考生的注意力應(yīng)放在歸納文章上，在進(jìn)行核心詞分類后，就要對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和每段的重心進(jìn)行歸納與分析，找出各段的主題詞，然后在段落的首句中找出相應(yīng)信息。
3.注意詞形變化
考生一定要特別注意詞形變化、同(近)義詞或是相關(guān)詞，因?yàn)轭}目中出現(xiàn)的詞不一定和文章中出現(xiàn)的詞一模一樣。
考生在平時訓(xùn)練中尤其要培養(yǎng)這方面的敏感度。核心詞盡量以信號詞為主，其次才是關(guān)鍵詞，這一找信息的方法尤其適用于雅思閱讀考試中的“Gap-filling、Table/Graph Filling、Sentence Completion、Short Answer Question、True/False以及Multiple Choice題目。
4.攻克單詞和句子閱讀
IELTS閱讀是考試一大難點(diǎn)，很多考生在閱讀上失手。其主要存在以下幾個難點(diǎn)：單詞、句子閱讀、閱讀速度和考生主觀臆斷。
準(zhǔn)備單詞卡片，循環(huán)背誦一般IELTS閱讀中涉及詞匯量比較大，但考生具備4000左右即可應(yīng)考。單詞貧乏的考生，一定要及時補(bǔ)充詞匯，打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在應(yīng)試時很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義，為了避免類似情況發(fā)生，一定要加強(qiáng)單詞意義的理解。
5.句子參考上下文，分析主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的錯誤就是根據(jù)自己已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)片面理解。
IELTS閱讀中有的題目考的是對于文章中某一句子的理解，要參考上下文客觀地看問題?？忌鷳?yīng)對一些復(fù)合句，尤其是雙重否定句、比較句、指代句等有較深了解。
特別在遇到復(fù)雜句時，應(yīng)靜心思考，從把握句子主干一一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)著手來分析解剖句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
6.學(xué)會做標(biāo)記
雅思閱讀追求速度(speed)與準(zhǔn)確度(accuracy)的完美結(jié)合。快而不準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)而太慢都會影響考分。考生在勤奮練習(xí)的時候掌握一些閱讀技巧將達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
快速閱讀最關(guān)鍵的是在掃描全文的時候把握每段的主旨，并做出標(biāo)記，在看完全文后對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)主題有大致的了解。此外，考生以單詞為單位看文章，遇生詞就停頓等壞習(xí)慣都要極力避免。
三、雅思閱讀得分注意這四大習(xí)慣
習(xí)慣1、從閱讀習(xí)慣上講，單純以學(xué)習(xí)英語為目的的閱讀和以獲取信息為目的的閱讀存在很大差異。
前者是一個語言知識積累的過程，后者是以語言知識和能力為工具達(dá)到獲取有用信息的過程。雅思閱讀強(qiáng)調(diào)把握信息的能力，所以要培養(yǎng)上述第二種習(xí)慣。很多同學(xué)在參加雅思考試之前，都只是把英語當(dāng)成一個學(xué)習(xí)的對象，而未能上升到把英語作為工具來使用的階段。所以，在閱讀過程中，往往陷入逐字逐句的意思理解和語法分析，依然持學(xué)英語的習(xí)慣。沒有去識別信息的主觀意圖，當(dāng)然談不上習(xí)慣不習(xí)慣，更談不上把握信息的能力。
習(xí)慣2、養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣的，首先要確立以把握信息為目的的主觀意圖。
剛開始時不要怕慢，不是去完整地理解句子的意思，而是刻意的猜測句子在段落中的功能。以下面一段文字為例： (1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been a number of incidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strong reaction from an offended government and people - for example, the family of tourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) When buying an object, it is important to distinguish between the object's aesthetic appeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha, for example, must be placed at ....句(1)當(dāng)中的needs to be taken 表示“需要、應(yīng)該”，顯然是作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)表示態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的句子出現(xiàn)在段首，通常是topic sentence ， 信息。小編還是要提醒大家注意總結(jié)雅思閱讀資料，多了解一些雅思閱讀得分技巧。句(2)There be 句型表事實(shí)，事實(shí)跟在觀點(diǎn)后，毫無疑問是充當(dāng)論據(jù)的角色。句子中的核心名詞 incidents是復(fù)數(shù)，表示這個句子對下文具有結(jié)構(gòu)性功能，下文會論據(jù)進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)性列舉。句(3)it is important to do 表示作者對某個事情的認(rèn)知和判斷，出現(xiàn)在兩個 for example中間，是一個細(xì)分的判斷。句(4)中的for example，表明它是個細(xì)節(jié)性的論據(jù)。對信息的識別，往往不需要理解太多的詞匯的意思可以做到。
習(xí)慣3、習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成需要一個過程，這個過程時間上可以縮短。
可以找一些段落刻意的去分析，開始時會很慢，甚至比你搞清全部的細(xì)節(jié)意思還要慢。但是，經(jīng)過一段時間的操練，會收到意想不到的效果。
習(xí)慣4、下面給大家一信息的線索：
a. 判斷句在段首、b. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句在段尾、c. 祈使句在段首、d. "But， However， 等轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的句子、 e. “for example”前的句子、 f. 問號后的句子、g. 表觀點(diǎn)的句子永遠(yuǎn)比表事實(shí)的句子重要、h. 段落以細(xì)節(jié)信息開頭，看段落的一句話。等等。
四、怎么提升雅思口語
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